Thank you all for your help/tips
After a lot of back and forth it actually helped to move the SATA cable to a different slot on the mainboard! :D

A Linux that only boots from the usbstick can be very helpful without writing to the internal data carriers... and keep it for safety reasons...

Clean the lens with an ear swab and glass cleaner if you think there has been a lot of dust in the room. CleaningCDs can tear off the lens... install a new SATA cable /70% driver check somewhere else / drive...install Linux from usbstick.

Hello Lukibreiti,
Without knowing what kind of computer it is, I suspect that the drivers in the system have been changed or not installed.
Sometimes AHCI devices are not recognised. I can offer to start a remote maintenance, but only if you want it.
Another possibility is to write me an e-mail and we could continue our conversation privately.
It would be good if I could find out the board or the CPU that is installed, so you can get an idea of how the components are installed. Do not hesitate to contact me.
MFg Matthias

Restart the computer and check the device manager to see if the drive can be found there. Also check the computer to see if all cables are secure. If not, replace it, the drive costs almost nothing.

Unfortunately, I can't help you as I'm not familiar with the problem.
My drive has worked perfectly so far.